Saturday, October 31, 2026

Proteomics of cardiac xenografts in humans (and preclinical models)!


A few years ago I had abundant optimism that if my heart or liver up and decided it was time to retire I'd be able to pop onto a website and order myself one from a company that spun out of one of the world's best engineering/agricultural universities (go Hokies).  

Then the world's single most pathetic person was allowed to rampage through our regulatory sciences haphazardly firing people....and this is one of many things that have now been set back by years here. 

But it looks like first world countries are still moving forward with patient xenotransplants and here is some serious data. 

It looks like all of the cellular data is single RNA sequencing, almost entirely from nuclei. Which....I'm still really unclear why that is valuable data at all. Like....aren't the important transcripts all leaving the nucleus to be translated? To be fair, 1) This is likely my problem and/or conceptual issue, and 2) I don't understand what value proteomics of a nucleus provides either. 

But there is plasma proteomics! Of primates with hearts grown in non-primates!?!? Totally worth taking a look at. 

Friday, October 30, 2026

"Proteins don't exist" - if you don't know the proteoform, does it even matter?


Shoutout to Jens for forwarding me this cool C&EN article I hadn't seen. We had an offer to go to iHUPO, but -wow- it was far this year for me. It's far closer in 2027 (MILAN???) and 2028 (RIO!!) which would have been scary but they exported their fascist would-be dictator to my country where we collect and empower them. 

As fast as proteomics is gaining ground in public consciousness, it's tough to miss a conference this big and especially when it looks like there were smart people stating smart things.

Do you actually care what the relative concentration of protein A is? Or do you care about how much of the active proteoform of protein A is actually there? 

Wednesday, October 28, 2026

Combinatorial peptide tags to find peptides with multiple modifications!


As much as it's fun to hate on typing things into command line or console - this doesn't look too bad 

./MSAndrea -s spectrumFile -d proteinDatabase -e settings.xml [-o outputfilename]

I might honestly be about to try it on this MacIntosh thing so I can run this - 


Which you can get here if you don't want to read stuff

There are a lot of ways to get a delta mass from an MS/MS spectrum. Fragpipe, SAGE, just putting a ridiculously high mass error into the precursor mass of just about any software and waiting a really really really really really really really long time for it to finish processing.

Some of these can assign you a solid match for what that delta mass might be. +15.999? That's probably one of those oxidation things. 

What MSAndrea does is a series of filters and reassignments based on what it finds inside of the MS/MS spectra to try and figure out the hard ones. This is particularly improtant for some of those real life biological problems where the difference between an acetylation on site 1 being an active protein, an acetylation on site 2 in that peptide being off, site 3 + site 1 being HOLY SHIT EVERYTHING IN THE NUCLEUS IS BAD, site 2 + site 3 being NEVERMIND EVERYTHING IS OKAY and site 1 plus site 4 is something no one ever saw before until today, so you'd better be really really sure it's site 1 and site 4 both acetylated before you give that Excel sheet back to that lady with the HHMI or Nobel or whatever. 

Notably, I'm not sure that this nice new study on a cool new tool I just downloaded is ever compared to MetaMorpheus which is my go-to for PTM hunting, but that's probably what I'll do next. 

Notably MS-Andrea has suggestions for search settings for a bunch of instruments. Actually, that's useful here I think. 



Sunday, October 25, 2026

Making the possible impossible: Small window DIA TMTPro!


Why does this look like I took the screenshot with a potato? Meh? 

Okay, so this has been attempted before, but this is probably the first time it's really worked. 

Here is the question: Why wouldn't you just do isobaric tagging (TMT) with little tiny DIA windows? We know from things like TomaHaq that you can do targeted TMT quan and it can work well. So why wouldn't little DIA windows be better than data dependent acquisition for TMT? The biggest problem with TMT stuff (aside from coisolation interference) is stochastic sampling. If you miss fragmenting peptide A in run number 2 you don't just lose that peptide in one sample - you can lose that peptide in 18 samples! 

If you did little DIA windows across the whole mass range? Problem solved. 

New problem?


It's super duper slow. Man, I'm on a roll. I don't think that's even moving? Meh. 

But with these new fast TOFs could you do it? 

It doesn't look bad at all. Loads of optimization stuff here. Because if you fill for longer then you get more signal but you get more coisolated peptides. Totally worth checking out! 

Saturday, October 24, 2026

ProFormer - is this the smartest metabolomics tool ever - designed for proteomics data?!?

 


I should spend more time on this one than I have, but I've forwarded it to smarter people who will understand the words. 

What I think is happening in ProFormer - what if you took a step back from proteomics data and just looked at the MS1 intensities and used those for clustering and stuff? That's how a lot of untargeted metabolomics stuff starts - at least for the QC steps. And then...it gets very manual from there. 

Toss it all out! Let's ProFormer! 


Cause what if we went beyond the QCs for the MS1 signals and we used that to understand the samples themselves? Here they use deep learning magic stuff on those MS1s and show they can start classifying proteomics samples? People do that for loads of transcript level measurements even when they have signal to noise ratios of 3:1 in individual files. (Try getting anyone in GWAS to give you even an estimate on what the S:N of those measurements are. Come on, it has to have something equivalent, right?) 

Where ProFormer stands out to me is 1) yes, this is super smart for proteomics and single cell proteomics, but would it be just as powerful as a metabolomics tool?  Super impressed. Hopefully it doesn't need a Docky and a thing you just type letters and numbers into.... 

Wednesday, October 21, 2026

CasanovaGUI - next generation de novo sequencing for the rest of us!

 


Hey you! Do you want to denovo sequence some files? Yeah! 

Do you want to put a docky on your graphics card and run a bunch of programs by typing long things into something called a commandy promptier. Yeah. Me niether. 


And now you can! CasanovaGUI runs on Mac, Linux and Woondoows.



Tuesday, October 20, 2026

Great new book alert! Bioinformatics for Mass Spectrometry!


No way I'll get time to go through all of this soon, but highlights include 2 very good chapters I have spent time on that focus on PTM site occupancy and normalization.

rRoma looks like a very nice tool with a clean and organized Github and the other one is about strategies. Not a bad start! And there is a chapter on boring and important metadata stuff! 

Faster mass spectrometry = better metaproteomics differentiation power!


 This great new paper in JASMS shows what this generation of mass spectrometers can do for the most complex of samples! 

Bonus! Did you know that Asstral actually stands for something? This is where I learned it. 

Mix a bunch of different microbe communities together and what do you get? With hundreds of scans/second you get a lot more of those little peptides that can really differentiate bacteria A from bacteria B. This is important because when you're looking at HSPs or ribosomes that are super evolutionarly conserved the peptides that are the same among all the organisms are multiplicative in each sample. And also not useful for telling them apart! Great argument for TOFs in metaproteomics applications for sure. 


Monday, October 19, 2026

fracSLIM - the next step toward the inevitable death of nanoflow in proteomics?

 


If you've ever been here before 1) I'm sorry and 2) you probably have seen me make fun of aptamers a lot and you know I despise nanoflow chromatography. Is it a necessary evil? It is in single cell proteomics for at least a bit longer. Otherwise there are other options, like microflow or even analytical flow. 

What about high flow fractionation and then direct infusion SLIM (high resolution ion mobility) + Orbitrap (high resolution mass spectrometry)? Could that work? Maybe it's worth taking a look at this new paper! 



Sunday, October 18, 2026

Saturday, October 17, 2026

Where do proteomics people come from (and why aren't there enough of us)?

 


Wow, this thing has gotten all sorts of positive comments (thank you! reviewers and readers!) and I guess I forgot to post it here. 

Background: Right after the pandemic there was SO much proteomics excitement. (Reminder we had a huge Forbes article with a picture of something from a museum on the cover. WTF is that thing even?)


And there seemed to be a pile of new money for a while right after that. A lot of it ended up used up by confident people who had no idea what they were doing (not a surprise, that's how all science business stuff seems to work) and decided it was time to enter the proteomics space.  I know of multiple situations where people with no proteomics experience - and with none on their teams - successfully scored investors, bought instruments and.....are having slow starts...because they either had to learn how to do proteomics in a startup pressure cooker (fun) or had trouble finding experienced operators, because there aren't lots of us. 

But here is the question, though. Why ARE there so few of us? And that's the reason behind my most recent paper.  I figured if we knew where people were coming from (even from a small sample size like the people who will respond to social media surveys [thank you!!]) we could start working on strategies to fix the problem. 

Friday, October 16, 2026

This is the year the Gairdner Awards committee discovered proteomics!

WHOA! 

The Gairdner Awards are a big deal. A whole lot of people who get this also get Nobel Prizes later. 

And - in the year 2026 - they discovered Proteomics exists! 

Among this year's winners are this guy I talked to yesterday (and maybe last week as well)! 


and this guy I have talked to (and have proof! he drove our podcast listener numbers averages way up) 
and this guy I've somehow still never met. At this point, it's weird. How many proteomics people are out there that I haven't annoyed in person? As an aside, he sure publishes a lot for a dude who supposedly retired a couple years ago. Not complaining. I cite him all the time. Just noting a fact. (Author of one of my very favorite papers ever.) 


Congratulations to all the winners! I'll pay attention to this one now. I only knew about it because Bonnie Bassler got it a few years ago and she's so nice you'd never guess she was ultra famous. 

Thursday, October 15, 2026

More proof you can do proteomics on anything - let's tackle kidney disease in cats!

 


I swear, it wasn't that long ago when you could do mediocre proteomics in humans, mice, poplar trees, E.coli and everything else seemed completely impossible. You could argue that even the .fasta databases in rats even a few years ago were rough and made it hard to do anything.

How is the cat genome? I'm guessing it hasn't gotten 1% of the effort the model organisms have. And here is high depth proteomics of cat urine. There is a word in the methods section which will make you wonder "how do they get cat pee?" Don't look it up! But otherwise this is a great proof of concept of how wide the applications of proteomics can be today! 



US HUPO 2027 Albuquerquely! Registration is open!



Is the above the very first thing you think of when you hear Albuminquerking? 

Congratulations for being old! Need something else to associate with Albuquerkley? What about US HUPO 2027?!? You can register here! 


Are you bummed you can't associate this great conference with being EXTREMELY COLD? Sorry, we can't have it in Chicago in February every year (though Chicago was legit). With the climate collapsing around us, who knows what it's going to be like anywhere, but traditionally it looks like Albuqwurkey is warmer than the last few US HUPO locations in the first week of March. 

In case you were living under a rock (or not yet alive) around the year 2000, Alvuquorkee is the home of someone who's name is completely impossible to ever forget how to spell. There is an entire song where he practices it so many times you learn how to spell it backwards before the end of the song. 


Is this song is now stuck in your head as well 22 years after the last time you ever possibly heard it on the radio? Congratulations, again, for being old!  I'm not linking the video, it might be awful, who can remember? 

Wednesday, October 14, 2026

Post-column dead volume is a massive problem for ultra fast low flow LCMS!

 


As the mass specs get increasingly fasterly it becoming increasingly temptingly to run shorterly chromatographly. (I need a coffee, this was too funly... )

Which makes a lot of very boring things really important. If you are running really fast (here 5 minutes) nanoflow chromatography even the volume of your emitter can cause big changes in your results. 




Tuesday, October 13, 2026

iSCMS/BMSS final post and live podcast drop!

 


THE iSCMS/BMSS Proteomics Show is live! Link here!  Wait. Did the Spotify AI do something to our faces? I think it smoothed our faces. You get what you pay for, I guess. 

While unjetlagging myself I felt silly about things I forgot about iSCMS, especially some thank you! 

Thank you Proteomes! for the editor travel support. First time I've used that perk of being an editor.  Like I said on stage, the impact factor of all the core proteomics journals suck. So if you don't have enough biology to submit to a journal people read and cite why pay 3x as much for page and OA fees? (That's a joke. Or 3 jokes in one.) 

Thank you Jarrod Sandow of IonOpticks for possibly being the very first person to ever take me up on attending a metal show at a conference. Definitely the first person ever? 


If you thought a viking metal band with an entire album about how their ancestors slaughtered and stole from the ancestors of the people on the island we were on would hold back either from those songs or from face melting pyrotechnics, you'd be wrong. 


Huge shoutout to my wife who patiently waited in the car so I could find a super cool hat that exactly 2 people at the conference even recognized. 

Said hat is on my head below in this picture with Dr. Melanie Bailey, and I can't be convinced it isn't amazing. 



Obviously not EVERYONE in the UK watched Doctor Who, I guess. Picture on right is from an actual original one they have at the SciFi museum in Seattle (or did when I took the picture a few years ago). A friend in Pittsburgh last night said "that's like assuming ALL Americans watch NASCAR, and I don't even know what that is. 

 

Monday, October 12, 2026

Benchmarking single-cell preservation strategies!

Need to get some single cells from people? Or send them somewhere? Should you sort and freeze them? Or sort and put some fixatives in them. This is bound to be a controversial topic so I think it is important to see different data from multiple groups. 

Ultimately - I think it is just going to be absolutely essential we understand the artifacts caused by both and make sure that for one study we do everything the exact same way, but the results from this new study (about 140 cells) add more information to the discussion. 



Sunday, October 11, 2026

narrow window DIA phosphoproteomics of over 30 cancer cell lines!


Do you need a phosphopeptide spectral library? Holy shit, this group decided to just do phosphopeptide enrichment on everything with 2.5 Da narrow window DIA.

They even went slow on the Astral (30SPD, so 44 minutes?) I don't have time to check how easy it is to parse the data out. Like, am I looking for every phosphopeptide that can appear in every cancer (or some IPSC) cell line? Or do I want to search my liver stuff against the liver library? I legitimately don't know the answer to that from either the biological side or from the ion/false discovery statistics side. Either way, this looks like a fantastic new resource. 



Saturday, October 10, 2026

On the ground at iSCMS 2026 and BMSS 2026!


I haven't been able to travel much the last couple of years due to some family health stuff that is absolutely and totally fine now (whew!) and this can be the last time I ever mention it or even think about it. So. When it was okay to go places and I saw that I could maybe squeeze in a favorite meeting and one I've always heard about in one shot on a weird little island I've always wanted to visit I was so so so pysched. Expectations were very very high.

These meetings exceeded them all. 

Important part: If you are developing some single cell technology that you KNOW is cool. That you KNOW from painstaking empirical measurements (and also in your heart, I guess) that it works and you think it has applications if you can get some skeptics off your back (skeptics who are whispering "...why don't you just poorly measure the transcript abundance of 4 BILLION CELLS? People have been spending billions of dollars on transcriptomics for 20 years and it has solved every disease and has led to unprecedented levels of new diagnostics and drugs [clarification. my sarcasm is underappreciated. it has NOT]..." iSCMS is where people question everything. iSCMS is where you see multi-multi-multi-omics and meet people who have coupled 2 things together that you've riddled over. Maybe it's backward. It's probably backward. 

There was a lot of unpublished data. And a lot of great people. So I'm going to be very careful here. On the proteomics side it was heavy hitters all the way through. Ryan Kelly showed off the 5 minute proteomics stuff (paper on the blog about 3 weeks ago?) and Erwin Schoof went over his recent Science paper and the smartest use of an antibody you've ever seen. He also inspired me to apply for permission to get the API access on my TIMSTOF again, because he's doing stuff I really want to be able to do. 

There was a lot of discussion around...um...my last blog post....not that...actually... the paper it was about.... but it was very positive. Single cell proteomics is growing fast enough to have cool new stuff to talk about almost every week. I think the last time I saw so much conversation around a paper and so many people with the downloaded .raw files sitting around discussing it was 2014. I can't find a post, but that's when we discovered with the Human Proteome Draft maps that our false discovery rate tools were vastly underpowered when given millions of mass spectra. That discussion transformed LCMS proteomics and made it more powerful and made us more confident in our findings and I think we've hit one of those moments that is going to be very good for science. 

But it's not all proteomics here. There is single cell lipidomics and metabolomics. Work from the conference chair and host Melanie Bailey has been featured on this blog more than once. Wow. Blast from the past, I guess I was really skeptical about the first paper. I clearly warmed up to it a little while later, and I'm 100% converted. The number of controls they put in to make sure they're measure lipids and metabolites in single cells is AMAZING. 

On...that...note....on the proteomics side, Alejandro Brenes (I'm jumping to BMSS) gave a plenary lecture that made me legitimately nauseous. Puke emoji. Take away - do a master mix blank! Don't do a water blank on single cells. And...maybe do all your prep in a hood. Which is going to suck. But...we're totally going to do it. I may very seriously need to start working on an erratum regarding one of my papers. It is possible that one of my findings is just single cell specific contaminants I've never heard of until this week. We'll look at it when I get back to fast wifi. 


Breaking up all this text with a picture from the next meeting The British Mass Spec Society! Was there single cell proteomics? Sure! Was there a custom PARTICLE ACCELERATOR for bombardment level mass spec that hits a surface with an impact at 10% of the speed of light? It's only just now operational but what would you do with mass spec imaging if you could hit your tissue hard enough for proteins to ionize off of it AND X-RAYS? Well, Catia Costa was like "I'll do that first and then do immunohistochemistry afterward!" which sounds...absurd at first, but with sub micron spatial resolution... there's material left for those boring old low resolution antibodies. [Sarcasm check, generally antibodies are considered far higher resolution than any technology with mass spec].

London has been slandered, btw, I was expecting flat beer and gross food. And I've had neither of those things. Actually, someone at my hotel thought I was American or drunk or both and gave me scratch off tickets and I won 50% off dinner at some very American restaurant. It was mediocre food, but at a super great price. 

Honestly this might be one of my most professionally successful conferences. Do I now know a guy who can sample live cells for metabolomics? Did I talk him into sending me cells for something? I hope so. 

Did I convince a company or two to let me send them part of our rapidly growing cohort of carefully curated human liver samples/cells/tissues to help me get un-stuck where I'm currently very very stuck? Again, I hope so. 

I finally saw a single cell robot that I really truly think I need and now I need demo data to go try and find money for it. Oh and Bogdan popped in to show off single cell spatial (optical) labeling and then showed off way better SCP data on his 7600 than what I was able to get on mine. (He has the Ion Opticks nanospray source that wasn't available before the flood destroyed mine. It probably isn't just that he's a better mass spectrometrist than me.) 

I also got to see posters and flash talks from this generation of scientists who are doing their graduate work in the post-pandemic environment where single cell mass spectrometry is just - a thing their mentor taught them how to do. That looks silly as I type it, but - sure - there is still lots of method development we can do. And probably have to do. But you don't have to spend every minute of every day trying to get single cell or spatial to work. I saw 20 great posters where students are APPLYING this stuff. From basic biological discovery (super cool award winning work on single plant cells!)  through glioblastoma drugs and how they effect the sub-cellular single cell metabolome (another award winning poster). 

Not every poster or student talk could win an award. But I swear EVERY SINGLE ONE was something that I'd consider science fiction or silicon valley con artist level bullshit just a few years ago. I'm up to my neck in single cell data and not everyone is. There are real skeptics out there that I don't really have to face as much anymore, single cell proteomics is nearly established. This was the place to discuss how to get the evidence necessary to convince those critics that what you're doing in single cells is valid (and important). I hope students were inspired by the numbers of rejection letters I proudly talk about rather than just concerned about ever graduating if it happens to them. 

I should probably stop typing and go see another famous bridge or clock or torture chamber or get a beer that requires a lot of physical force to squeeze out of a wooden...barrel...?...it looks funny and it's slow, but it's also novel and delicious. I don't have a lot of hours left in this beautiful city.

Thanks for the organizers for letting me show off my lab's research in liver diseases in women that don't have any effective diagnostics and talk about what collaborations are going well which ones are challenging with our SCP tools and hardware. AND there IS a live proteomics show podcast that was recorded here! I'll get the audio when some of the organizers get a chance to sleep (this was clearly SO MUCH WORK). Thank you to King's College, Dr. Bailey, SEISMIC, iSCMS, and BMSS and everyone I forgot. 

Monday, October 5, 2026

ZenoSwath DIA takes on fast gradient neat plasma proteomics!

 


Having trouble reading this on my phone, but the numbers look legit on this very nice budget instrument! 

(For real, ask a sales rep, 7600+ systems are an amazing bargain for what they can do!) And....getting good quan on E.coli spiked into human plasma? Both in numbers of IDs and quantitative accuracy? Worth thinking about, yo.