The best I can tell, no new data was generated for the study. What it did was leverage riboSeq data in public repositories in tandem with well-curated proteomics data. Looks like CPTAC and another study of hepatocarcinoma. What they're looking for is sections of RNA that were protected by the ribosome, and are therefore likely in the process of being translated to protein.
Then they take those sequences, make a FASTA database and go back through the proteomics data looking for them. Ultimately, this approach probably has applications well beyond "just" looking for microproteins, you could leverage this to look for challenging sequence based isoform/proteoform descrimination as well. Looking for microproteins, though, opens up a whole new aspect of the proteome. Given the complete lack of useful diagnostics and drugs (only 30% of these patients respond to best in care therapies today....) microproteins is a fantastic place to look for things. I expect I'll end up reading this one more than once in the very near future.
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