Tricorders allow these characters to instantly know whether the atmosphere of a planet is hospitable and helps them detect the signs of life forms and other possible dangers. It has been humorously suggested at Mass Spectrometry conferences for the last 40 years that with miniaturization and improvement in mass spectrometry instruments, that we are actually heading toward the creation of these devices.
The Hapsite ER from Inficon is most certainly a device that is moving toward this direction.
While this device is not as small as the one that Spock is carrying, it might be almost as useful. This single person-portable mass spectrometer can rapidly deliver qualitative and quantitative GC-MS data in as little as 10 minutes. According to Inficon, it can detect numerous volatile organic compounds, toxic industrial materials, and chemical warfare agents in this span and has a detection limit in the Parts Per Trillion.
If that wasn't enough, it also has a built in GPS unit so that the precise time and location of the sample collection can be saved along with the identity and quantity of the chemicals detected.
The following chromatogram is from the a mixture of 11 different toxic compounds, clearly showing that the Hapsite has the resolution to separate them all.
On this 14 minute gradient, they had sufficient resolution to separate all 11 in under 10 minutes, with spacing between peaks of around 0.5 to 1 minute, meaning that they really didn't push the machine that hard, I think that using the same column they could increase the intake pressure and actually cut this time in half while still getting the same number of IDs.
If you'd like to read more about this device, check out the product page at Inficon.
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